[N] - NON-FERROUS MATERIALS (NON FERROUS)

Non-ferrous materials are alloys that do not contain iron (Fe) and are characterized by corrosion resistance, low density, and excellent machinability. Based on VDI 3323, we classify them into:

N 21 - Common Wrought Aluminium

Series (1xxx - 3xxx - 5xxx)

• Properties:
• Low mechanical properties
• High corrosion resistance
• Excellent conductivity (electrical and thermal).
• Machinability:
• Very good machinability due to low hardness
• Particularly sticky burr due to the particularly low hardness.
• Requires suitable cutting tools for proper chip evacuation.

N 22 - Common Wrought Aluminium

Series (2xxx - 6xxx - 7xxx)

• Properties:
• Better mechanical properties than series (1xxx - 3xxx - 5xxx)
• Moderate corrosion resistance, especially series 2xxx
• Machinability:
• Series 2xxx: Difficult to machine, requires high cutting speeds and coolants.
• Series 6xxx: Good machinability, widely used in industry.
• Series 7xxx: Very hard aluminium

N 23-24 - Cast Aluminium - Up to 12%Si

• Properties:

• Moderate hardness, good wear resistance.
• Moderate corrosion resistance, especially series 2xxx
• Machinability:
• Easy to machine, similar to common aluminium.
• Requires minimal lubrication - cooling

N 25 - Cast Aluminium - Above 12%Si

• Properties:
• Particularly high wear resistance.
• High hardness
• Machinability:
• Difficult to machine.
• Low cutting speeds, high tool wear.
• Requires special cutting fluid

N 26 - Copper Alloys - Leaded alloys

• Properties:
• Good electrical and thermal conductivity.
• Machinability:
• Easy to machine.
• Chips: Short and brittle
• High cutting speeds, moderate feed.
• Does not require cutting fluid
• Low tool wear, easily machined even with HSS tools

N 27 - Copper Alloys - Brass (Cu+Zn)

• Properties:
• Good strength, corrosion-resistant.
• High conductivity
• Machinability:
• Easy to machine.
• Chips: Short and brittle
• Low tool wear
• Does not require cutting fluid
• Can be ground and polished.

N 28 - Copper Alloys - Bronze - Non-leaded alloys

• Properties:
• Good strength, corrosion-resistant.
• High conductivity
• Machinability:
• Moderate machinability.
• Chips: Continuous and long, "sticky" and difficult to remove
• Moderate tool wear, a stronger cutting edge is required
• Cutting fluid is recommended
• Can be ground and polished.

N 29 - Thermosetting Plastics - Polymeric Materials

• Properties:
• Low weight, high strength
• Low thermal conductivity
• Machinability:
• Very easy to cut
• Low cutting speed to prevent melting
• Require tools with a sharp cutting edge

N 30 - Rubber - Wood - Soft Materials

• Properties:
• Extremely soft, flexible.
• Low mechanical strength
• Machinability:
• Low cutting speed to avoid burning/deformation.
• Require tools with a very sharp cutting edge